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c. Data input

The clean data is then entered into its destination and translated
◆ Data entry
into a language that it can understand. Data input is the first stage
in which raw data begins to take the form of usable information.

iv. Processing
In this step, the computer takes the information it received
earlier and starts to work on it. It uses special programs called
machine learning algorithms to make sense of the data. The
◆ Data transformation way this is done might be a bit different depending on where the
data came from (like data lakes, social networks, or connected
devices) and what we want to do with it (like studying advertising
trends, diagnosing medical issues from connected devices, or
understanding what customers need).
v. Data output/interpretation
The output/interpretation stage is the stage at which data

◆ Generation of is finally usable to non-data scientists. It is translated, readable
usable results and often in the form of graphs, video, images, plain text, etc.).
Members of the company or institution can now begin to self-
serve the data for their own data analytics projects.
vi. Data storage and report writing
The final stage of data processing is storage. After the data is
◆ Data warehousing processed, it is then stored for later on. While some information
may be put to use immediately, much of it will serve a purpose
later on. When data is properly stored, it can be quickly and easily
accessed by members of the organisation when needed.

4.1.2 Methods of Data Processing

Data processing is like organising and sorting information in
◆ Transforms a research project. First, data is collected and then edited, put
irrelevant data to into categories, and shown in tables or charts. The main goal is to
relevant make the data more manageable and easier to understand. During
this process, irrelevant information is removed so that only the
important stuff remains.
4.1.2.1 Editing of Data

Editing is the first step of data processing. Editing is the process
of examining the data collected through questionnaires or any
other method. It starts after all data has been collected to check the
◆ Examination of collected data or reform into useful data. Editing is done to assure
collected data that the data are accurate, consistent with other facts gathered,

uniformly entered, is complete as far as possibleand have been
well arranged to facilitate coding and tabulation.

When doing their work, editors must be familiar with both

144 SGOU - SLM -MCom Research Methodology