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Fig 4.3.3 Three types of cyber crimes
f Crimes against People: Occurring
at online spaces, these crimes af-
fect the lives of the people. Cyber
harassment and stalking, distribu-
tion of child pornography, spoof-
ing, credit and debit card fraud,
phishing, and cyber bullying are
a few examples of commonly
occurring cyber-crimes against
people. You will study such terms
in detail in the next section titled
‘Misuse and abuse in cyberspace.’
f Crimes against Property: There
are crimes that occur against the
property of individuals or organi-
zations. Some examples of such
crimes include DoS attacks, virus
transmission, hacking, copyright
infringement, and violations of
Intellectual Property Rights.
f Crimes against Government: The
cybercrime committed against a
government or state is treated as
an attack on that country’s sover-
eignty and is considered an act of
war. Cyber terrorism, cyber war-
fare, and accessing confidential
and classified information are all
176 SGOU - FYUGP - SLM - English for Communication
treated as crimes against the gov-
ernment.
The cyber-forensic experts reveal that most
cyber criminals work by forming networks
in which they associate and coordinate with
each other. Unlike the real world, these crim-
inals do not engage in clashes with each other
for power or control. Instead, they operate
jointly to improve their skills and even assist
their crime partners with new opportunities.
This situation reminds us that the usual tactics
of fighting crime cannot be executed against
cyber criminals.
The challenge for law enforcement agencies
is always great to keep pace with the cyber
criminals. This is mainly due to the sudden
change in the format of the character of the
cybercrimes. The nature of crimes changes
quickly, day by day. This scenario forces com-
mercial establishments, organisations, corpo-
rations, and governments to search for other
ways to safeguard their existence. The cyber
criminals involved in crimes are not always
led by ego or expertise. They want to use their
knowledge to earn their gains at the speed of
light. They are making use of their skills to
cheat and exploit people because it is easier
than earning money by working hard through