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BLOCK 2: Logic, Language and Other disciplines

Unit 1 A very brief history of logic: traditional logic and symbolic logic -

What is logic? Definitions - process of reasoning - inductive, deductive and
abductive reasoning- Propositions and arguments - recognising arguments.

Truth and validity - Fallacies: Formal and informal fallacies - Classification of
fallacies: Fallacies of relevance, defective induction, presumption and ambiguity.

Unit 2 Fundamentals of Traditional Logic and Symbolic Logic - Categorical Propositions:
The four kinds of categorical propositions - Quality, quantity and distribution -

Standard form - The traditional square of opposition - Categorical Syllogisms:
Standard form - Rules and fallacies - Venn diagram to test the Validity - Logical

connectives: symbols for conjunction, negation, disjunction, material implication and

equivalence- Logical paradoxes: Liar’s paradox
Unit 3 Language and Logic - The basic functions of language: Informative - Expressive -

Directive – Ceremonial Performative - Emotively neutral language -What are
definitions - Kinds of definitions: Stipulative - Lexical – Precising - Theoretical -

Persuasive - Intension and extension

Unit 4 Logic and Other Disciplines - Logic and Science: Hypothetico - models of
explanations - Covering Law model - mathematics and logic

Unit 5 Logic and Literature
Unit 6 Logic and Social sciences

References

1. Grayling, A.C. The History of Philosophy, Penguin, 2019.

2. Browning, W.R.F. A Dictionary of the Bible, Oxford University Press, 2009.
3. John Bowker, The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions, Oxford University Press,

2000.

4. Basheer, Vaikkam Muhammad. “Oru Manushyan.”Sampoorna Krithikal Vol 1. DC, 1994.
5. Guru, Narayana. Sampoorna Krithikal. Narayana Gurukulam, 2002.

6. Dharmapada ( apramadavarga)
7. The Quran ( 49/13, 17/70, 2/256 )

8. Devaraja, N. K. Humanism in Indian Thought. Indus, 1988.
9. Khan, Maulana Wahiduddin. The Prophet of Peace: Teachings of The Prophet Muhammad.

Penguin, 2009.

10. Butler, Judith. The Force of Nonviolence: An Ethico- Political Bind, Verso,2021.
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