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Discussion

1.1.1 Meaning and Definition of Research

In common parlance, research refers to the search of
knowledge. It is an endeavour to discover answers to problems ◆ Scientific method
through application of scientific methods. It is the transition from
the known to the unknown.
Research is essentially a systematic inquiry into facts using
objective verifiable methods in order to find the relationship
among them and deduce broad principles or laws from them. It
is a critical thinking technique. It entails defining and redefining
problems, developing hypotheses or proposed solutions, collecting,
organising, and analysing data, making deductions and drawing ◆ Systematic
conclusions, and finally carefully testing the conclusions to see if investigation
they fit the formulated hypothesis. Research gathers factual data on
current situations and problems in order to develop realistic plans
and schemes. Before committing resources, research uncovers
necessary facts on which sound decisions can be made. Studies
make it possible to test the validity of planning assumptions or
premises.
Now let us examine some definitions provided by well-known
authors about research:
Emory defines research as “any organised inquiry designed and
carried out to provide information for solving a problem”. This ◆ Problem solving
definition emphasises the purpose of research as problem solving-
finding answers to a problem faced by an individual.

Clover and Balsley define research as “the process of
systematically obtaining accurate answers to significant and ◆ Systematic approach
pertinent questions by the use of the scientific method of gathering
and interpreting information”. This definition highlights the
importance of adopting systematic approach and scientific
methods for finding answers to pertinent questions.
According to Black and Champion “Scientific research
consists of obtaining information through empirical observation ◆ Empirical
that can be used for the systematic development of logically observation
related propositions attempting to establish causal relations
among variables”. This definition emphasises the importance of
determining the relationship between variables used in research.
According to Clifford Woody, “research comprises defining
and redefining problems, formulating hypotheses, collecting,
organising and evaluating data, making deductions and reaching ◆ Systematic steps
conclusions and at last carefully testing the conclusions to

SGOU - SLM - MCom Research Methodology 3