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Discussion

3.3.1 Data

In research, data refers to the information or facts that are
collected, observed, or measured to support the investigation
or analysis of a particular topic or research question. Data can
take various forms, such as numerical values, measurements,

◆ Raw facts and observations, survey responses, experimental results, textual
figures information, or images. It serves as the foundation for conducting
statistical analysis, drawing conclusions, and making informed
decisions based on empirical evidence. The collection and analysis
of data are fundamental components of the research process,
allowing researchers to gain insights, validate hypotheses, and
contribute to the advancement of knowledge in their respective
fields.

3.3.2 Types of Data

Two types of data are popularly used in research. They are:
a. Secondary data.
b. Primary data.

3.3.2.1 Secondary Data
Secondary data are those which have been collected by
some other researcher or organisation, which is published or
◆ Already available unpublished. The data is not collected as first-hand information
data by the researcher rather they use the already available data.
Census reports, annual statements published by organisations etc.
are examples. Secondary data can be used for references or as a
sole source of information available with relation to a particular
concept. It can also be used as a benchmark to which research
findings can be adhered to.
Secondary data can be made available quickly and with less
cost. Large areas and time periods can also be covered with the
◆ Economical
help of secondary data. It also helps to verify the results derived
from the analysis. However, secondary data should be used with
great care after properly analysing its authenticity, suitability to
the present study, reliability and adequacy of the data to fulfil the
requirements of the study.
There are two sources of secondary data:

◆ Internal source

118 SGOU - SLM -MCom Research Methodology