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figures. The title page and the abstract are on separate pages (pages
1 and 2 respectively). Begin a new page for the introduction, for
the reference, for each table and figure, and for each appendix.

4.3.5 Documentation Styles

A documentation style is a recommended method for citing
sources that a paper’s author has read, summarised, or used in
a quote. It specifies how to format headings and margins as well
as how to cite sources inside the text and include a list of works
referenced at the conclusion of the document. Documentation
styles have been established to provide you with a way to give
credit for work that you have used in writing your paper. It is
◆ Citing sources important to cite sources not only to give credit where its due, but
also to allow the reader of your work to locate the sources you
have consulted. In short, the reader of your paper must be able to
use the information you provide, both in the text and in appended
list(s) to duplicate the research you have done. Most academic
writing draws on previous research, writings and materials. While
some assignments require you to focus on your own experiences,
impressions and responses, more advanced writing projects will
require you to gather, evaluate, and use the work of others. And
when you do draw upon the work of others, you must give proper
credit. Failure to do so constitutes plagiarism. Different academic
disciplines use different documentation styles.
The major documentation styles
i. American Political Science Association (APSA)

ii. American Psychological Association (APA)
iii. Chicago/Turabian

iv. Council of Biology Editors (CBE)
v. Modern Language Association (MLA)
vi. Numbered References

4.3.5.1 Citation and Referencing
While writing an article, one must quote or refer to the original
source of the information, fact or idea, from which it has been
taken. It is not just to support your own points, but also to prevent
plagiarism and denote that a variety of sources are used to write
the piece.
Citation
Citation refers to identifying and crediting the informational
sources used in the main body of a research paper or other academic
work. In the citation, the author cites or refers to the source in the

168 SGOU - SLM -MCom Research Methodology