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text to represent that the information is derived from an external
source and to mention that source, in brief. Basically, it is an
abbreviated reference, which you can find in the main body of the ◆ Quoting original
article addressing the source of a quote, image, video, paraphrase, source
chart, table, etc. Due to this very reason, it is also called “in-text
citation”, which includes a set of parentheses. In the citation, the
author cites or refers to the source in the text to represent that the
information is derived from an external source and to mention that
source, in brief.
Referencing

In the reference, the author lists the items which he/she have
read and considered in his/her piece of work. While providing
references, the author actually tells its readers about what kind of ◆ List of sources cited
source he/she used in the document. Along with that it also helps
the readers to identify the difference between the author’s words,
theories and ideas and those of other author’s. Further, it helps the
reader to refer to the source for further information in that area,
whenever required. Reference is given at the end of the document
or article in alphabetical order, by the first or main author’s last
name.
Basically, reference and citation are provided to give the user
or reader, the source of facts, images, statistics, charts, tables and
diagrams, which are a part of the article or assignment. It may also
be used when you are talking about a theory, method or model,
discovered by or linked to a specific person or writer.

4.3.5.2 APA (American Psychological Association)
Following a citation style helps readers to concentrate on the
ideas being presented rather than the formatting when there is
uniformity and consistency, and they can scan works quickly for
essential points, findings, and references. The APA manual was ◆ Citation style
published by the American Psychological Association. It is mostly
used in social science and education fields. In APA style, a source
citation consists of a brief parenthetical citation in the text and
a full reference at the end of the paper. However, citations look
slightly different in each style, with different rules for things like
title capitalisation, author names, and placement of the date.
Rules used in APA style

i. In-text citations in APA
APA use parenthetical citations to cite sources in the text. APA
in-text citation includes the author’s last name and the publication ◆ Parenthetical
year. If you are quoting or paraphrasing a specific passage, you citations
also add a page number. When there are two authors, APA style
separates their names with an ampersand (&). For three or more
authors, list the first author followed by “et al.”.

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