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by administering a test to a single group both before and after
the treatment is administered. The former is given at the start ◆ Before after
of treatment and the latter at the end. treatment

◆ Static-group comparison
In a static-group comparison study, two or more groups are
observed, with only one of the groups receiving treatment ◆ Post tested group
while the others remain static. All of the groups are post-
tested, and the observed differences between the groups are
attributed to the treatment.
b. Quasi-experimental research design
The term “quasi” means partial, half, or pseudo. As a result, quasi-
experimental research resembles a research but is not the same as
true experimental research. In quasi-experiments, the participants
are not randomly assigned, and as such, they are used in settings ◆ Impossible
where randomisation is difficult or impossible. This is common in randomisation
educational research, where administrators are unwilling to allow
students to be chosen at random for experimental samples. Time
series, no equivalent control group, and counterbalanced designs
are all examples of quasi-experimental research designs.
Quasi- experiment designs consists of

◆ Time- series design
This involves pre-testing and post-testing of subjects at
different intervals. The aim of this design could be to determine
the long-term effect of the treatment, hence measurement is ◆ Long term effect
taken over a period of time.

◆ Multiple time series design
The main difference between this design and the previously
described time series design is the addition of a control
group in addition to an experimental group that is exposed ◆ Control group
to treatments. Following that, multiple post-treatment test
scores are collected from both groups.

c. True experimental research design
To prove or disprove a hypothesis, a true experimental research
design relies on statistical analysis. It is the most accurate type
of experimental design and can be performed on at least two
randomly assigned dependent subjects with or without a pre-test.
A true experimental research design must include a control group, ◆ Statistical analysis
a variable that can be manipulated by the researcher, and a random
distribution.
True experimental design is classified as follows:

◆ After-only with control design or Post-test-only control

SGOU - SLM - MCom Research Methodology 37